Scenic Place in East Sussex

Rye is one of the finest and most complete medieval towns in England, an ancient Cinque Port perched on a sandstone hill above the Romney Marsh in East Sussex whose cobbled streets, medieval churches, ancient inns and preserved town walls create one of the most atmospheric and most visited small towns in the southeast. The town's history as a port, a pirate base, a French raid target and a haven for smugglers gives it a past of considerable drama that is reflected in the quality and variety of its surviving heritage. The old town on the hill is centred on the Church of St Mary, whose exterior bell cage is climbed by a quarter jack of medieval origin and whose interior contains exceptional medieval stained glass rescued from the town's other medieval churches. The surrounding streets of Mermaid Street, Watchbell Street and the area around the Landgate provide a concentration of medieval and Elizabethan buildings of great charm, including the Mermaid Inn that has served travellers since at least the twelfth century and the Ypres Tower, the remaining element of the medieval town defences. The town has been home to numerous writers and artists, most notably Henry James who lived at Lamb House from 1897 to 1916 and whose study, preserved by the National Trust, provides a tangible connection to one of the great novelists of the period. The tradition of creative habitation has continued, and the combination of the physical beauty of the town and its detachment from suburban development has preserved its attraction for artists and writers to the present day. The Rye Harbour Nature Reserve immediately south of the town, with its shingle habitats and important seabird colonies, provides an excellent natural contrast to the historic town.

The Seven Sisters are a succession of seven chalk headlands between Cuckmere Haven and Birling Gap on the East Sussex coast, white chalk cliffs of considerable height and visual drama that provide one of the most celebrated and most photographed stretches of coastline in England. The cliffs form the eastward continuation of the South Downs as they meet the sea, the underlying chalk of the downs exposed in spectacular cross-section where the land ends and the Channel begins. The Seven Sisters Country Park manages the land behind the clifftop and the valley of the Cuckmere River that provides the principal access to the site. The view of the Seven Sisters from the western bank of the Cuckmere at Cuckmere Haven, looking east along the succession of cliff faces rising and falling in their distinctive undulating profile, is one of the most famous views in England and has appeared in countless films, television productions and advertising campaigns that require the visual shorthand of England's white cliffs. The cliffs here are among the fastest-eroding in England, the relative softness of the Cretaceous chalk and the exposure to Channel storm waves producing rates of cliff retreat that make the coastline visibly different over periods of a few decades. The South Downs Way national trail follows the clifftop between Cuckmere Haven and Eastbourne, providing a clifftop walk of exceptional quality with continuous Channel views and the succession of headlands and bays creating a constantly varying perspective. The descent to the beach at Birling Gap, where the National Trust maintains the last remaining section of cliff-edge accessible beach, provides the most direct encounter with the chalk at beach level. Belle Tout lighthouse, decommissioned in 1902 and now a bed and breakfast, stands on the clifftop above Birling Gap in one of the most dramatically positioned small buildings on the English coast.

Rye Harbour Nature Reserve on the East Sussex coast is one of the most important shingle and coastal wetland nature reserves in southern England, a complex of habitats including shingle beach, saline lagoons, reedbeds, grazing marsh and scrub that together support an exceptional diversity of breeding, wintering and migrating birds and a nationally important flora of shingle and coastal plant communities. The reserve is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust and covers approximately 1,700 hectares of the coastal plain between Rye and Camber. The shingle beach at Rye Harbour is one of the most ecologically significant areas of the reserve, its stable shingle ridges supporting populations of breeding little tern, one of Britain's rarest seabirds, as well as ringed plover, oystercatcher and common tern. The little tern colony is carefully protected during the breeding season and has been the focus of intensive conservation management over many years, with nest protection measures, warden presence and visitor management contributing to the maintenance of one of the most important populations of this species in the southeast. The lagoons created within the reserve provide habitat for avocet, black-headed gull and various duck species breeding in summer, while the winter brings large flocks of wildfowl including wigon, teal and pochard to the open water, and the reedbeds support bittern, marsh harrier and bearded tit in numbers that reflect the reserve's quality as a wetland habitat. The reserve is one of the best birding sites in Sussex throughout the year. The nearby medieval town of Rye, perched on its hill above the surrounding marsh and shingle, provides excellent visitor facilities and its own considerable historic interest, the combination of the reserve and the town making this part of the Sussex coast one of the most rewarding in the southeast.

Alfriston is one of the most beautiful and most completely preserved medieval villages in East Sussex, a settlement in the Cuckmere Valley below the South Downs whose combination of the medieval church of St Andrew, the fourteenth-century Clergy House, the ancient Star Inn and the village layout of timber-framed buildings creates a scene of English village perfection that has attracted visitors since the Victorian period. The Clergy House, now managed by the National Trust, was the first building the Trust ever purchased, acquired in 1896 for just £10, and its preservation provides a direct connection to the origins of the conservation movement in England. The Church of St Andrew, built from the distinctive local flint in the Perpendicular Gothic style in the late fourteenth century, is known as the Cathedral of the South Downs for its size and quality relative to the small community it serves. The church is set on a raised circular churchyard that may indicate pre-Christian sacred site use, and the combination of the church, the Clergy House and the surrounding medieval street plan creates a remarkable concentration of fourteenth and fifteenth century domestic and ecclesiastical architecture. The village is set at the point where the South Downs Way crosses the Cuckmere River, and the walking south along the river to the Cuckmere Haven and the Seven Sisters cliffs provides one of the finest short day walks in Sussex. The combination of the medieval village, the downland walking and the coastal scenery accessible nearby makes Alfriston one of the most richly rewarding small destinations in the southeast.