Wells Cathedral
Wells Cathedral in Somerset is the smallest city in England's cathedral church, a building of exceptional quality and completeness that represents one of the finest achievements of English Gothic architecture. Construction began around 1175 and progressed steadily through the Early English Gothic style that gives the cathedral its characteristic light, pointed elegance, producing a building that is internally consistent in a way that cathedrals subject to more prolonged and varied construction histories often are not. The result is a building of remarkable harmony and clarity. The west front of Wells Cathedral is the supreme achievement of English medieval sculptural programmes, a screen of around 300 figure sculptures arranged in registers across the full width of the facade in a carefully organised theological programme that once formed the most complete example of medieval figure sculpture in Britain. The figures, ranging from small figures of prophets and angels to large standing apostles and bishops and a central tier of scenes from the New Testament, were originally painted in vivid colours that have long since faded, but the scale and ambition of the programme remain entirely impressive even in their weathered state. A restoration programme has cleaned and conserved the surviving figures and given them the best possible protection against further deterioration. The interior of the cathedral reveals the scissors arches at the crossing, one of the most celebrated and distinctive pieces of architectural engineering in any English medieval building. The pair of inverted arches placed across the eastern crossing to counteract the subsidence of the crossing tower in the fourteenth century created a structural solution of considerable ingenuity that is simultaneously an aesthetic feature of extraordinary visual power, their interlocking X form framing the view toward the quire in a way that draws the eye and holds the attention in ways that purely conventional Gothic architecture rarely achieves. The medieval chapter house, reached by a magnificent spiral staircase from the north transept, is one of the finest in England, its central pillar spreading into a palm of ribs supporting the octagonal vault above.