Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve
Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve in Wester Ross was established in 1951 as the first national nature reserve in Britain, a designation that recognised both the exceptional natural quality of the mountain, loch and woodland landscape and the importance of protecting the ancient Caledonian pine forest remnants that survive at the foot of the mountain on the shores of Loch Maree. The reserve covers approximately 4,800 hectares of some of the most scenically dramatic and ecologically important mountain country in the northwest Highlands.
The mountain itself, whose name means file or ridge in Gaelic and refers to the serrated quartzite ridge that crowns the massif, is composed of some of the oldest rocks in Britain, Torridonian sandstone and ancient Lewisian gneiss overlaid by pale Cambrian quartzite that gives the upper slopes their distinctive white scree character. The combination of these ancient geological materials with the dramatic erosional forms of the glaciated Highland landscape produces a mountain environment of raw geological power that feels genuinely ancient in a way that the younger rocks of most British mountains do not.
The Caledonian pinewood remnants at the foot of the mountain on the shores of Loch Maree are among the finest surviving fragments of the ancient forest that once covered much of the Scottish Highlands. These woods, dominated by Scots pine with juniper, birch and rowan, support red squirrel, pine marten, crossbill and a range of woodland invertebrates and fungi associated with ancient forest habitats that are increasingly rare across the British Isles. A programme of deer management and natural regeneration is gradually expanding the pinewood area, one of the conservation successes of the reserve.
Two waymarked trail networks provide access to the reserve at different levels of ability, with the Mountain Trail providing a challenging ascent to the quartzite ridge and the Woodland Trail a gentler exploration of the lochside pinewoods and their wildlife.