Yarmouth Castle
Yarmouth Castle on the Isle of Wight is the last castle built by Henry VIII as part of his coastal defence programme of the 1540s and represents an interesting evolutionary step in English defensive architecture, being the first English castle to be built with a square rather than round plan as a direct response to the increasing dominance of artillery in siege warfare. The castle was completed in 1547 and its squat, low-profile design reflected the understanding that tall medieval towers were vulnerable to cannon fire and that a lower, more compact fortification could resist bombardment more effectively.
The castle occupies a small site on the western edge of the harbour at Yarmouth, a picturesque small town on the northwestern tip of the Isle of Wight that is the terminus of the Lymington to Yarmouth ferry crossing. The castle's position beside the harbour entrance was intended to command the approaches to the Solent and the Channel beyond, and in combination with Hurst Castle on the Hampshire mainland opposite it formed a pair of defensive works guarding the western approaches to the Solent in the same way that Southsea Castle and Calshot Castle guarded the eastern channels.
The castle is managed by English Heritage and the interior provides a good picture of how a small Tudor coastal fort was organised and used. The gun platform and the remains of the domestic accommodation within the small ward give a sense of the garrison life at a minor royal fortification. The views from the castle over the Solent, the Lymington river estuary and the Hampshire coast are excellent.
The town of Yarmouth itself is one of the most charming on the Isle of Wight, its small square, the remains of the medieval pier and the George Hotel providing an attractive backdrop to the castle visit, and the ferry crossing from Lymington provides one of the most pleasant ways of reaching the island.